United States
U.S. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
USGS database allows searching on U.S. geographic places by specific variables including elevation and population range (will give latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates)
U.S. Gazetteer
Produced by the U.S. Census Bureau. Downloadable files
North American Neighbors
Canadian Geographical Names
From the Canadian Board on Geographic Names, a part of Natural Resources Canada
World
Columbia Gazetteer
An extensive, encyclopedic world gazetteer — UIUC access only
GEOnet Names Server
A gazetteer of foreign geographic feature names by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
GeoNames
Over 27 million place names integrated from a variety of sources.
Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
World place names primarily from the field of art history
JewishGen Gazetteer (Formerly Shtetl Seeker)
Database containing the names of all localities in the 54 countries of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia, based on the US. Board on Geographic Names databases
MapLandia
Google Maps world gazetteer
Other Place Name Resources
Place Name Sites
Compiled by the Arizona State University Map Collection Library